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Content :
Introduction
Types of surveying
1. Geodetic survey
2. Plane survey
Principle of surveying
Scale
Types of scale
Plane scale
Verniear scale
1. Direct verniear
2. Indirect verniear
Least count
Shrunk scale
Ground length
Shrunk scale
Shrinkage factor
TAPE CORRECTION
1. Correction due to standardization
2. Correction due to slope
3. Correction due to alignment
4. Correction due to temperature
5. Correction due to pull applied
6. Due to sag
CHAIN SURVEY
Limiting length of offset
Offset method
Error in effect
COMPASS SURVEY
System of angle measurement
1. Most commonly used
2. Centesimal system
3. Hour system
Relation
Meridian
True meridian
Magnetic meridian
Declination
Angle of dip
System of bearing measurement
1. WCB method
2. QSB method
Local attraction
TRANSVERSE SURVEY
Latitude and departure
For a closed traverse
Closing error
Methods for correcting
1. Bowditch method
2. Transit method
3. Graphical method
4. Axis method
LEVELLING
Bench mark
Reduced level
Back sight
Fore sight
Intermediate sight
Height of instruments methods
Rise and fall method
Reciprocal levelling
Adjustments
1. Permanent adjusments
2. Temporary adjustments
Error in the instruments
Error in inclination
Correction due to earth curvature and refraction
1. Horizontal line
2. Level line
3. Correction due to curvature
Correction due to refraction
Combined correction due to curvature and refraction
Sensitivity of a bubble tube
Sensitiveness
CONTOURS
1. Contour intervals
Horizontal equivalents
Properties
AREA AND VOLUME
1. Area
2. Volume
TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELLING
PLANE TABLE SURVEYING
1. Radiation
2. Intersection
3. Traversing
4. Resection
Methods
1. By compass
2. By back orientation
3. Three point problem
4. Two point problem
Three point problem
1. Tracing paper method
2. Bessel’s graphical method
3. Lehman;s method
TACHEMETER SURVEYING
Principle of tachometer
Staff reading
1. Vertical staff
2. Staff kept normal
Angle of elevation
Angle of depression
CURVE
1. Simple angle
2. Radical offset from the tangent
3. Offset from long chord
Chainage of different points
Setting out of single simple curve
Total deflection angle for different point
1. One theodolite method
2. Two theodolite method
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Types
Terrestrial
Aerial
Determination of focal length of camera
Horizontal distance between two points
Relief displacement
SURVEYING
Accuracy
Error
Sources of error
Types
Principle of least square
Probable error
Significance
Errors in computed results
Deduction
ASTRONOMY
East and west point
Movement of earth around sun
Co-ordinate system
Angles
Spherical triangle
Napier rule
Time
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