Anna University, Chennai
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Subject Code: OMD551
Subject Name: Basics of Biomedical Instrumentation
Lecture Notes - All Units
Unit 1: Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation
1.1 Overview of Biomedical Instrumentation
Definition and Scope of Biomedical Instrumentation
Importance in Healthcare and Medical Research
Role of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Biomedical Field
1.2 Basic Concepts in Biomedical Engineering
Human Physiology and Anatomy: Nervous System, Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System
Medical Terminology and Healthcare Standards
Regulatory Bodies and Standards in Biomedical Instrumentation
1.3 Sensors and Transducers in Biomedical Instrumentation
Introduction to Sensors and Transducers
Types of Biomedical Sensors: Temperature Sensors, Pressure Sensors, Bioelectric Sensors
Selection Criteria and Performance Parameters of Biomedical Sensors
Unit 2: Biopotentials and Bioamplifiers
2.1 Biopotentials and Electrodes
Types of Biopotentials: Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram (EMG)
Electrode Placement and Signal Acquisition
Biopotential Amplifiers: Differential Amplifiers, Instrumentation Amplifiers
2.2 Signal Conditioning in Biomedical Instrumentation
Signal Filtering: Low-pass, High-pass, Band-pass Filters
Amplification and Gain Control Techniques
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) and Noise Reduction
2.3 Bioamplifiers and Bioelectric Circuits
Characteristics and Design Considerations of Bioamplifiers
Types of Bioamplifiers: DC Amplifiers, AC Amplifiers, Isolation Amplifiers
Bioelectric Circuit Analysis: Action Potentials, Nerve Conduction, Muscle Contractions
Unit 3: Medical Imaging Techniques
3.1 Introduction to Medical Imaging
Overview of Medical Imaging Modalities: X-ray, MRI, CT, Ultrasound, PET
Principles of Medical Image Formation and Reconstruction
Applications and Limitations of Different Imaging Techniques
3.2 X-ray Imaging and CT Scanning
Principles of X-ray Imaging: X-ray Generation, Absorption, and Detection
CT Scanner Components and Operation
Image Reconstruction Algorithms: Filtered Back Projection, Iterative Reconstruction
3.3 Ultrasound Imaging
Principles of Ultrasound Propagation and Reflection
Ultrasound Transducers and Imaging Modes: A-mode, B-mode, M-mode, Doppler
Applications of Ultrasound Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy
Unit 4: Biomedical Signal Processing
4.1 Introduction to Signal Processing
Basics of Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
Sampling Theorem and Nyquist Frequency
Analog-to-Digital Conversion and Digital Filtering
4.2 Signal Processing Techniques in Biomedical Applications
ECG Signal Processing: QRS Detection, Heart Rate Variability Analysis
EEG Signal Processing: Frequency Analysis, Event-related Potentials
EMG Signal Processing: Power Spectral Density Estimation, Motor Unit Action Potential Analysis
Unit 5: Biomedical Instrumentation Design and Applications
5.1 Design Considerations in Biomedical Instrumentation
Safety and Reliability in Biomedical Devices
Ergonomics and User Interface Design
Regulatory Compliance and Quality Assurance
5.2 Case Studies and Applications
Biomedical Instrumentation in Clinical Settings: Patient Monitoring, Diagnostic Imaging, Therapeutic Devices
Wearable Biomedical Devices and Remote Health Monitoring
Emerging Trends and Future Directions in Biomedical Instrumentation
These lecture notes provide comprehensive coverage of Basics of Biomedical Instrumentation, tailored for students in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Anna University, Chennai. With a total of 61 pages in PDF format, these notes include detailed explanations, diagrams, case studies, and practical examples to facilitate understanding and application. Students will gain proficiency in the principles of biomedical instrumentation, signal acquisition and processing techniques, medical imaging modalities, and the design and application of biomedical devices in healthcare and medical research.
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