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THERMODYNAMICS
Basic concepts
Types of system
1. Closed system
2. Open system
3. Isolated system
Thermodynamics equilibrium
1. Thermal equilibrium
2. Mechanical equilibrium
3. Chemical equilibrium
Pure substance
Property of a system
1. Intensive properties
2. Extensive properties
State of a system
Process
State of a system
Reversible and irreversible process
Quasistatic process
Thermodynamic cycle
Gibbs phase rule
Thermodynamic principle
Types of thermometer
1. Resistance thermometer
2. Thermo couple
3. Constant volume of thermometer
4. Constant pressure of thermometer
Temperature scales
ENERGY INTERACTIONS
Working
Convention of work transfer
Generalized equation for closed closed system
Closed system work for various process
1. Constant volume process
2. Constant pressure
3. Constant temperature
4. Adiabatic process
5. Polytropic process
Representation of various process of PV diagram
Slope of the isothermal curve in PV diagram
Slope of adiabatic curve on PV diagram
Ideal gas equation for various process
Conventional process
HEAT
First law of thermodynamics
Conventional problems
Flow work
Steady flow energy equation
Application of steady flow energy equation
1. Nozzle
2. Turbines
3. Compressor
4. Throttling valve
Unsteady state flow or transient state
SECOND LAW OF THEMODYNAMICS
Thermal energy reservoirs
1. Source
2. SMR
Second law of thermodynamics statement
1. Kelven-plank statement
2. Clausius statement
Refrigerator
Heat pump
CARNOT CYCLE
CARNOT THEROM
Clausius inequality
Entropy change of the system in a reversible process
1. Heat addition
2. Heat rejection in reversible cycle
3. Reversible adiabatic process
Entropy change in the irreversible process
Physical meaning of entropy
Entropy of the universe
Representation of the carnot cycle on TS diagram
Entropy change for an ideal gas
Problems
Entropy change for solid or liquid
Available energy
Loss of available energy
Availability
Maximum work for closed system
Maximum work for open system
Irreversibility
Gibbs function
Helmholtz function
Energy equation
THERMODYNAMICS RELATION
PROPERTIES OF THE PURE SUBSTANCE
Critical points
Different regions
1. Sub cooled or under cooled region
2. Super heated region
3. Wet region
4. Sensible region
5. Latent heat
6. Dryness fraction
Specific volume of the mixture
Enthalpy at various points
Mollier diagram
Conclusion chart
Joule’s Thomson coefficient
Ideal gas
1. Perfect gas
2. Semi-perfect gas
Mole fraction
Equivalent gas constant
Equivalent molecular weight
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