EE2402 Protection & Switchgear Scanned Lecture Notes (All Units) - Sree Kala Edition

[Srini]

   

Anna University , Chennai

Department of B.E-Electrical and Electronics Engg

Seventh Semester

EE2402 Protection & Switchgear

Scanned Lecture Notes - All Units

(Regulation 2008)

UNIT-1

INTRODUCTION

• Qualities of protective relaying
  
• Reliability
  
• Selectivity and discrimination
  
• Speed and time
  
• Sensitivity
  
• Stability
  
• Adequateness
  
• Simplicity& economy
  
• Protective zone
  
• Concept of backup relaying
  
• Types of relaying
  
• PROTECTIVE AGAINST OVERVOLTAGE
  
• Lighting
  
• Types of lighting stroke
  
• Protective of electrical apparatus against travelling waves
  
• Operation of surge diverter\lighting arrester
  
• Classification of surge arrestor
  
• Coefficient of earthing
  
• Surge absorber
  
• Solid grounding
  
• Resistance earthing
  
• Advantage
  
• Disadvantage
  
• Reactance earthing
  
• Advantage
  
• Disadvantage
  
• Resonant grounding
  
• Earthing transformer
  
• Symmetrical fault analysis
  
• Methods
  
• Insulation co-ordination
  
• Unsymmetrical fault analysis
  
• Single line to ground fault
  
• Fault current
  
• Fault impedance
  
• Line to line fault
  

UNIT-2

• Operating principles and relay characteristics
  
• Relay
  
• Trip circuit operation
  
• Tripping schemes
  
• Relay with make type contact
  
• Relay with break type contact
  
• Electro magnet attraction relay
  
• Solenoid and plunger relay
  
• Balanced beam type relay
  
• Electromagnetic moving coil relay
  
• Calculation of relay operating time
  
• Directional power relay
  
• Directional induction type
  
• Differential relays
  
• Frequency relay
  
• Impedance relay
  
• Torque equation
  
• Advantages
  
• Disadvantages
  
• Directional impedance relay
  
• Reactance Relay
  
• Mho\admittance relay
  
• Static relay
  

UNIT-3

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

• Common transformer fault
  
• Protective schemes for transformer protection
  
• 1 .Buchholz device
  
• 2 .Earth fault relay
  
• 3 .Over current relay
  
• 4 .Differential relay
  
• 5 .Harmonic restraint and harmonic blocking
  
• Drawbacks of differential protection 
  
• Protection of generators
  
• Classification
  
• Star connected alternator protection
  
• Delta connected alternated protection
  
• Stator interturn fault protection
  
• Restricted earth fault protection
  
• Unrestricted earth fault protection
  
• Unbalanced protection of generators
  
• Overload protection of stators
  
• Negative sequence protection relay
  
• Protection against abnormal running condition
  
• Motor protection requirements
  
• Comprehensive motor protection relay
  
• Protection circuit for induction motor
  
• Bus bar protection
  
• Advantage
  
• Disadvantage
  
• Instrument transformer
  
• Types
  
• Current transformer
  
• Application
  
• Design features
  
• Potential transformer
  
• Types
  
• Application
  
• Problems
  

UNIT-4

THEORY OF CIRCUIT INTERRRUPTION

• Field emission
  
• Thermionic emission
  
• Maintanence of arc
  
• Electric arc
  
• Arc extinction
  
• Low resistance or zero point extinction
  
• DC circuit breaking
  
• AC circuit breaking
  
• Derivation of rate of rise of TRV
  
• Factors
  
• Current chopping
  
• Problems
  

UNIT-5

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

• Classification
  
• Advantages 
  
• Disadvantages
  
• Features
  
• Limitation
  
• Application
  
• Circuit breaker ratings
  
• Testing of circuit breaking
  
• Comparison of circuit breakers
  
• Problems
  

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