Anna University , Chennai
Department of B.E-Electronics and Communication Engg
Sixth Semester
EC2353 Antennas And Wave Propagation
Scanned Lecture Notes - Deepak Edition
(Regulation 2008)
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ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
UNIT-1
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS
Half power beam width
Directivity
Effective aperture
Gain and its significance
Reciprocity theorem
Vector potential
Wave equation
Electric and magnetic field components
Hertzian dipole
Lorentz wave equation
Solution of the vector wave equation
Radiation pattern
Normalized power pattern
Polarization
1. Linear polarization
2. Circular polarization
3. Elliptical polarization
Parameters in polarization
1. Reference angle
2. Tilt angle
3. Built-in angle
4. Cross whole leakage
UNIT-2
WIRE ANTENNA AND ANTENNA ARRAYS
Pattern multiplication
End fire array pattern
Application of loop antenna
Antenna field zone
Uniform and collinear array
Broad-side array
1. Pattern maxima
2. Pattern minima
3. Beam width of major lobe
End fire array
Half wave length dipole
Radiation pattern for half wave dipole
1. Maxima direction
2. Minima direction
UNIT-3
APERTURE ANTENNAS
Huygen’s principle
Features of the slot antenna
Uniqueness theorem
Features of pyramided horn antenna
Babinet’s principle
Limitation of lens antenna
Application of dielectric and metal plane lens antenna
Equivalence principle
1. Electric surface current
2. The magnetic surface current
Slot antennadesign of paraboloid
Feeding system
1. Rear feed
2. Front feed
3. Offset feed
4. Cassegrain
5. Gregorian feed
Horn antenna
Types
1. E-plane sectoral horn
2. H – plane sectoral horn
3. Pyramidal horn
4. Conical horn
5. Biconical horn
Design of horn antenna
UNIT-4
SPECIAL ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS
Application of helical antenna
Features of anechoic chamber
Types of feed method
Application of microstrip antenna
Turnstile antenna
Limitation
Log periodic dipole array
1. Apex angle
2. Design ratio
3. Spacing factor
Directivity measurements
Gain measurements
Gain measurements by direct comparison method
Measurement of absolute gain
Helical antenna
Pitch angle
Modes of radiation
1. Normal mode
2. Axial mode
Axial mode of radiation
Application
UNIT-5
RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
Skip distance and virtual height
Duct propogation
Faraday rotation
Critical frequency
Collision frequency
Types of fading in ionosphere
1. Selective fading
2. Interference fading
3. Absorption fading
4. Polarization fading
5. Skip fading
Structure of the ionosphere
1. D-layer
2. E- layer
3. Es –layer
4. F1- layer
5. F2-layer
Mechanism of ionosperic propogation
Troposphere
Optimum working frequency
Skip distance
Virtual height
Derivation of effects of earth magnetic field
Effects of earth magnetic field
Composition of the ionosphere
Refractive index of the ionosphere
Unit-1 problems
Unit 2 problems
Unit 3 problems
Unit 4 problems
Unit 5 problems
Unit wise possible question
Nov dec 2011 question paper
May june 2012 question paper
Nov dec 2012 question paper
Cross word
Nov dec 2013 question paper
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