Anna University , Chennai
Common to all Department
Second Semester
PH6251 Engineering Physics II
(Regulation 2013)
Lecture Notes - All Units
Attachment :
PH6251 Phy Notes.pdf (Size: 4.57 MB / Downloads: 60,064)
Content :
Unit - 1: Conducting Materials
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Classical free electron theory
1.1.2 Quantum free electron theory
1.1.3 Zone theory (or) Band theory
1.2 Assumptions (postulates) of Classical free electron theory
1.3 Basic terms involved in the free electron theory
1.4 Success or uses of Classical free electron theory
1.5 Drawbacks of Classical free electron theory Expression for Electrical Conductivity
1.6.1 Expression for electrical conductivity
1.6.2 Correct expression for electrical conductivity of conductors
Thermal conductivity (K)
1.7.1 Expression for thermal conductivity (K) of an electron
Wiedemann-franz Law
1.8.1 Derivation
1.8.2 By Quantum theory
1.9 Quantum Free Electron Theory
1.9.1 Assumptions (Postulates) of Quantum free electron theory
1.9.2 Advantages of Quantum free electron theory
1.9.3 Drawbacks of Quantum free electron theory
1.10 Fermi – Dirac Distribution Function
1.10.1 Effect of Temperature on Fermi Function
1.10.2 Fermi level, Fermi Energy and their importance
1.11 Density of States
1.11.1 Carrier concentration in metals
1.11.2 Average energy of an electron at 0K
1.12 Work Function
1.12.1 Explanation
Unit - 2: Semiconducting Materials
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Properties of semiconductor
2.2 Classification of Semiconductors
2.2.1 Intrinsic semiconductors
2.2.2 Compound Semiconductors
2.2.3 Difference between N-type and P-type semiconductor
2.2.4 Difference between Elemental and Compound Semiconductors
2.3 Classification of Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors Based on Band Theory
2.3.1 Conductors
2.3.2 Insulators
2.3.3 Semiconductors
2.3.4 Mobility and Conductivity in Semiconductors
2.4 Carrier Concentration in Intrinsic Semi-conductors
2.4.1 Density of electrons in conduction band
2.4.2 Density of Holes in Valence band 2.4.3 Intrinsic Carrier Concentration
2.5 Fermi level and variation of fermi level with temperature in an intrinsic semiconductor
2.6 Density of Electrons and Holes In Terms of Eg
2.7 Variation of Fermi level in Intrinsic semiconductor
2.8 Electrical Conductivity in Intrinsic Semi-conductor
2.9 Determination of Band Gap Energy of a Semiconductor
2.10 Extrinsic Semiconductor
2.10.1 N-type Semiconductor (Donor impurity)
2.10.2 P – type Semiconductor (Acceptor Impurities)
2.11 Charge Densities in a Semiconductor
2.12 Carrier Concentration in P-type Semi-conductor
2.12.1 Expression for the density of holes in valence band in terms of Na
2.13 Carrier Concentration in N-type Semi Conductor
2.13.1 Expression for the density of electrons in conduction band in terms of Nd
2.14 Variation of Fermi Level with Temperature and Concentration of Impurities in P-type Semiconductor
2.15 Variation of Fermi Level with Temperature and Concentration of Impurities in N-type Semiconductor
2.16 Hall Effect
2.16.1 Hall Effect
2.16.2 Hall Effect in n –type Semiconductor
2.16.3 Hall Effect in p-type Semiconductor
2.16.4 Hall Coefficient Interms of Hall Voltage
2.16.5 Experimental Determination of Hall Effect
2.16.6 Application of Hall Effect
Unit - 3: Magnetic and Superconducting Materials
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Basic Definitions
3.2 Origin of Magnetic Moments
3.3 Classification of Magnetic Materials
3.3.1 Diamagnetic materials
3.3.2 Paramagnetic Materials
3.3.3 Ferromagnetic materials
3.3.4 Dia, Para and Ferro magnetic materials – Comparison
3.4 Domain Theory of Ferromagnetism
3.4.1 Energies involved in the domain growth (or) Origin of Domain theory of Ferromagnetism 3.5 Antiferromagnetic Materials
3.6 Ferrimagnetic Materials
3.7 Hysteresis
3.7.1 Explanation of hysteresis on the basis of Domains
3.8 Hard and Soft Magentic Material
3.8.1 Hard Magnetic Materials
3.8.2 Soft Magnetic Materials
3.8.3 Difference between Hard and Soft magnetic materials
3.11 Introduction to Superconductivity
3.12 Properties of Superconductors
3.12.1 Critical magnetic field (Magnetic Property)
3.12.2 Diamagnetic property (Meissener effect)
3.12.3 SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device)
3.12.4 Effect of heavy Current
3.12.5 Persistence of Current
3.12.6 Effect of pressure
3.12.7 Isotope effect
3.12.8 General properties
3.13 Types of Super Conductors
3.13.1 Difference between Type I and II superconductors
3.13.2 Difference between High TC and Low TC superconductors
3.14 High Temperature (High-Tc) Superconductors
3.15 Bcs Theory of Superconductivity
3.16 Applications of Superconductors
3.17 Engineering Applications
3.17.1 Cryotron
3.17.2 MAGLEV (MAGnetic LEVitation)
3.17.3 Josephson Devices
Unit - 4: Dielectric Materials
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Basic Definitions
4.2.1 Electric flux density (D) 4.2.2 Permittivity
4.2.3 Dipole moment
4.2.4 Polarization
4.2.5 Polarization vector
4.2.6 Polar and Non-polar Molecules
4.2.7 Dielectric Constance (or) Relative Permittivity
4.2.8 Electric Susceptibility
4.2.9 Different between Polar and Non - Polar molecules
4.3 Polarization Mechanisms Involved in a Dielectric Material
4.3.1 Electronic Polarization
4.3.2 Calculation of electronic polarization
4.3.3 Electronic polarization in terms of and Er
4.3.4 Ionic Polarization
4.3.5 Orientation Polarization
4.3.6 Space Charge Polarization
4.3.7 Total Polarization
4.4 Frequency and Temperature Dependence of Polarization Mechanism 4.4.1 Frequency dependence
4.4.2 Temperature dependence
4.5 Comparision of Types of Polarisation
4.6 Internal Field (or) Local Field
4.6.1 Clausius Mosotti Equations
4.7 Dielectric Loss
4.8 Dielectric Breakdown
4.8.1 Types of dielectric breakdown
4.9 Ferro – Electricity and Its Applications
4.9.1 Properties of Ferroelectric Materials
4.9.2 Hysteresis of Ferroelectric Materials
4.9.3 Application of Ferroelectric Materials
4.10 Applications of Dielectric Materials
4.10.1 Dielectrics in Capacitors
4.10.2 Insulating materials in transformers
Unit - 5 : Modern Engineering Materials
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Metallic Glasses
5.2.1 Glass transition temperature
5.2.2 Methods of production of Metallic Glasses
5.2.3 Types of Metallic Glasses
5.2.4 Properties of Metallic glasses
5.2.5 Applications of Metallic glasses
5.3 Shape Memory Alloys
5.3.1 Definition
5.3.2 Working Principle of SMA
5.3.3 Characteristics of SMA
5.3.4 Properties of Ni – Ti alloy
5.3.5 Advantages of SMA’s
5.3.6 Disadvantages of SMA’s
5.3.7 Applications of SMA’s
5.4 Nano Materials
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Definitions
5.4.3 Synthesis of Nanomaterials
5.4.4 Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)
5.5 Properties of Nanoparticles
5.6 Applications of Nanoparticles
5.7 Non linear materials (NLO materials)
5.7.1 Higher Harmonic Generation
5.7.2 Experimental Proof
5.7.3 Optical mixing
5.8 Biomaterials
5.8.1 Biomaterials Classifications
5.8.2 Conventional implant devices
5.8.3 Biomaterials Properties
5.8.4 Modern Engineering Materials Biomaterials Applications
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Attachment :
PH6251 Phy Notes.pdf (Size: 4.57 MB / Downloads: 60,064)
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